How and why Muhammad was opposed in Makkah Essay

The prophet Muhammad preached in Makkah to bring people in the right path and to believe in one god. However, he was opposed in many ways possible by many people mainly the Quraish. There were many reasons why people opposed the prophet Muhammad in Makkah and many were due to selfish needs such as wealth and power. The prophet Muhammad was opposed in many ways such as verbal and physical abuse. The Quraish were the main people to oppose Muhammad in Makkah. The opposition of the Quraish to the message of Islam greatly influenced the rest of the Arabs to reject Islam as well. In fact the influence of the Quraish was so great that even if they had not exerted themselves in their resistance they still could have swayed the people. That was because all of the Arabs looked to the Quraish and waited for their approval for many reasons such as the high status of the Quraish in the hearts of the Arabs. They revered the Quraish because they were the people who lived close to the Kabah. For this reason the other Arabs honored and respected the Quraish and took pride in rushing to fulfill any need that they might have for food, drink or other things as well. Although Muhammad’s preaching was basically religious, there was implicit in it a critique of the conduct and attitudes of the rich merchants of Mecca. Attempts were made to get him to soften his criticism by offering him a fuller share in trade and a marriage alliance with one of the wealthiest families, but he decisively rejected such offers. Points in the message of the Qur’an were questioned, such as the assertion that men would be resurrected before the Judgment. Commercial pressure was brought to bear on Muhammad’s supporters, and in some families there was mild persecution of junior members who followed him. In about 616 Abu Jahl organized a boycott of the clan of Hashim by the chief clans of Mecca, all egedly because the clan continued to protect Muhammad and did not curb his preaching; but, since few of the clan were Muslims, other questions may have been involved. After three years the boycott lost momentum, perhaps because some of the participants found they were harming their own economic interests. Many in Makkah had become rich, as the city was a central trade hub and a spiritual center for polytheism. They did not appreciate Muhammad’s message of embracing social equality, rejecting idols, and sharing wealth with the poor and needy. Thus, many of  the Prophet Muhammad’s early followers were among the lower classes, slaves, and women. These early Muslim followers were subject to horrible mistreatment by the Makkan upper classes. Several were tortured, others were killed, and some took temporary refuge in Abyssinia. The Makkan tribes then organized a social boycott of the Muslims, not allowing people to trade with, care for, or socialize with the Muslims. In the harsh desert climate, this was essentially a death sentence. The Makkans got together to try and get rid of Muhammad (pbuh) and his teachings. They had already openl y opposed it in public and had even tried to ridicule and slander the Prophet (pbuh). They had spoken to Abu Talib and asked him to withdraw his support and protection for Muhammad (pbuh). They had failed each time and Muhammad (pbuh) continued to preach and slowly the message was spreading. There were only a few months until the pilgrimage would be performed and Makkah would be flooded with many Arabs from all over the peninsula. They wanted to get together and sort out Muhammad (pbuh) and his preaching. They wanted to get together and formulate a new plan! They wanted to minimise the effect of the teachings of Islam upon the pilgrims. They decided if they joined forces they might be able to sort out Muhammad (pbuh). They would make things up, spread rumours and lies so that people stay away from Muhammad (pbuh) and don’t listen to his message. Someone suggested that they accuse Muhammad (pbuh) of being a sorcerer, using magic to trick and influence people. Another said they say that Muhammad (pbuh) is just a madman and is preaching nonsense. Another suggested they say that an evil spirit possesses Muhammad (pbuh) and that the Arabs should ignore him and keep away from him. Another suggested that they say that Muhammad (pbuh) was just a poet and the message of th e Qur’an was just poetry. The fact of the matter was that none of these allegations were true and the Makkans knew this. How could they try and combat the message of Muhammad (pbuh) and how could they halt his message from being preached. They decided that they would consult Al-Waleed bin Al-Mugheerah – a very influential person in his tribe. Al-Waleed listened to all these allegations against the prophet (pbuh) and dismissed them all. He, however, found that the most plausible way would be to suggest that Muhammad (pbuh) was a magician and  that he used magic words to influence people. They said that his ‘magic’ words would separate a father from his son, a husband from his wife, a man from his clan†¦ They finally decided that this was the best excuse they could use to discredit Muhammad (pbuh). They would tell the pilgrims that Muhammad (pbuh) was a powerful sorcerer and that they should avoid him at all costs. To conclude, Muhammad was opposed in Makkah because rich people didnâ €™t want to lose their power, status or wealth. Also because they believed that the idols they worshipped were good enough for their fathers. Their forefathers and so were good enough for them.

Essay: A Visit to the Zoo

A Visit to the Zoo Zoo is a place where all sorts of tame and wild animals are kept. There are birds and beasts which tell us about the flora and fauna of our country as well as foreign countries. It is in this respect a giver of knowledge and information. Delhi zoo is housed in the Purana Kila on the Mathura Road. It has a fine and rare collection of birds and animals from all parts of the world. The zoo is spread over several acres of land. The birds and animals are kept, as far as possible, in their natural surroundings. There is a moat encircling the enclosures of wild animals so that they might not escape.One day I went to the zoo in the company of some of my friends. We bought tickets at the gate, and entered the zoo. First we came upon the enclosure where water fowls were swimming in water. The ducks and drakes were swimming and picking up things thrown to them. We enjoyed their playful antics for some time and moved on. Next we came to the enclosure of the wild animals. There were lions, tigers, and leopards belonging to different countries. The Gir lion of India seemed to be most ferocious. The enclosures smelt of meat, provided to them everyday.In another enclosure were the monkeys. They too, were of several varieties. The ape with a black face seemed to be the most mischievous. He was all the time grinning at the onlookers. The visitors threw parched grams to the monkeys and they seemed to relish it. At a small distance we saw a peacock. It was dancing. I ran to that side. The peacock seemed td be unmindful of the presence of the crowd. Closeby was an enclosure for the deer. It covered a vast area and the deer were roaming about freely- Near to the enclosure we saw a buffalo-like animal.It was the rhino munching some maize plants. It looked dreadful with its sharp horn on the nose. The sight of the rhino at once reminded me of the adventure of Colonel White as given in our text-book of English. On our way back we saw some elephants. They were being u sed for a joy-ride on payment. Lastly, we saw the covered enclosures where birds were flying about. They were of different colours and shapes. Now it was getting dark. The bell rang and we came out. The visit to the zoo added a good deal to our knowledge of birds and beasts.

Case study of the Image Cafe

Case study of the Image Cafe Image Cafà © was founded by Clarence Wooten in 1998. Prior to that he was also a founded of Envision Designs while he was an undergraduate in 1991 and Metamorphosis Studios in 1994 with co-founder Andre Forde. However, the three company did not really last long. In 1998, Metamorphosis Studios had sold to Medisolv, Inc and Image Cafà © was acquired by Network Solution after sever months of market launch (Clarence Wooten, Jr., 2005). About Clarence Wooten, Jr. Clarence Wooten had a big dream since childhood. His dream is to get rich someday. His childhood hobby was playing with computer games. He was so obsessed with computer that his parents banned him at the age of 14 (Kathryn F, Spinelli, 2004: 33-40). At the age of 18, he attended college to study architecture in Catonsville Community College. During that time he believes that by taking up architecture courses can satisfy his creative instincts. In the early 1990s, many professional architects went back to school to upgrade them selves due to the recession. At that point of time, he manages to learn from the senior architects. After the first two failure of his business, he realised that he did not really understand anything about finance after he read the stories from Fred Smith, Reginald Lewis and Bill Gates. This had inspired him to upgrade himself with a business administration and finance. In 1998, he was graduated with B.S. in Business Administration from Johns Hopkins University (Kathryn F, Spinelli, 2004: 33-40). Clarence Wooten, Jr. Venture Spirit Clarence Wooten started Envision Design which was his first business while he enrolled for Catonsville Community College. The type of service he was offering was using form and cardboard to model out a proposed building. The company did not perform well during that time and eventually closed down (Kathryn F, Spinelli, 2004: 33-40). In 1994, Clarence Wooten started his second company Metamorphosis Studios with his co-founded Andre Forde by focusing on spec ial effects and multimedia presentations. Their first customer is Bingwa, an educational software company. However, Bingwa require Metamorphosis Studios to relocate to Princeton, New Jersey and worked for Bingwa. After a thought Clarence Wooten and Andre Forde turned down the offer as they know they are heading for something big (Kathryn F, Spinelli, 2004: 33-40). Metamorphosis Studios was not a successful project too, in 1998 Metamorphosis Studios was acquired by MediSolv, Inc (Clarence Wooten, Jr., 2005). In early 1998, Clarence Wooten started his third company Image Cafà ©. Back in 1995, internet service began to grow. Many companies had started to create their own companies website in order to promote their products and services over the World Wide Web. However, during that time, many companies do not have their own expertise to create a website. Clarence Wooten knew that this is an opportunity and started Image Cafà © to help companies by design their website to promote their products and services over the web (Kathryn F, Spinelli, 2004: 33-40). At the start of Image Cafà ©, Clarence Wooten went around to search for capital in order to start his business. What Clarence Wooten wants was $300,000 capital based on $3 million valuation. In total he received $110,000 from 10 different investors. Image Cafà © website was ready to launch after four month of preparation. However, at that point of time, Clarence Wooten had utilised the cash during the launch. He went back to the existing investors to ask for additional $150,000 in form of bridge loan. This time, Clarence Wooten expects to raise $3million at $10 million valuation (Kathryn F, Spinelli, 2004: 33-40).

Capital punishment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Capital punishment - Essay Example Those opposed to capital punishment do not believe that the government should be vested with the power to put any of its citizens to death. Opponents also maintain that the practice is racially biased, overtly costly and does not achieve the intended outcome. Historically speaking, the rational for punishing criminals has been to avenge the crime, to protect society by imprisoning the criminal, to deter that person and other potential offenders from the commission of crimes and to obtain reparations from the offender. Throughout the history of civilization, this rational has not changed substantially. The four fundamental reasons society punishes can be classified into two areas. One is to obtain desired consequences which includes protecting society, seeking compensation and deterrence. The other, retribution, or vengeance, involves punishment for a wrong perpetrated on society (Wolfgang, 1998). Those that subscribe to retribution as justification for the death penalty often invoke the Bible’s reference to ‘an eye for an eye.’ Aggression must be met with aggressive punishment (Olen & Barry, 1996: 268). â€Å"This use of punishment is society’s way of striking back at one who has disturbed the emotional and et hical senses of a people† (Lunden, 1967: 232). Interestingly, those that use the quote from the Old Testament to justify the use of the death penalty as moral either overlooked or ignored the passage in the New Testament where Jesus rebuffs this statement explicitly then reminds his followers to instead to ‘turn the other cheek.’ However, the ‘eye for an eye’ justification is still used by many today. Those that hold this view are certainly correct when they say that the death penalty insures that the criminal will not commit another crime against society. In addition to a vengeful act, the death penalty is the ultimate preventative measure (Olen &

Critically examine the claim that THE key to being an innovative Essay

Critically examine the claim that THE key to being an innovative organisation is R & D more expenditure equals more innovation - Essay Example e constantly engaging in research and development in order to come up with new approaches of doing things, design new products for the market, acquire new market for the products and expand business capacity to meet the current and future market demand (United Nations, 2012, p. 11). Innovation is a role of all workers in an organization. In order for an organization to be competitive in the market, it has to promote and nurture a culture of creativity among the workers and provide the necessary resources to support innovation. The organizations should have the capacity to recognize the need for innovation and support the ideas that can lead to competence of the organizations. The ideas could be small or big and they follow a particular process. Innovation requires resources including time and finances (Mazzucato, 2013, p. 84). Organizations must be willing to devote the required resources in order to achieve the expected goals. They should engage in research and development in order to explore various approaches to improving products, processes or market and implement the new ideas as their core competences for future growth. Innovation may imply the organization developed their knowledge or acquired the knowledge from another organization. Irrespective of the method, the business, used to innovate, the organization has to incur some cost in order to gain that knowledge. Innovation is an entrepreneurial role of creating a new product or processes for the market. Entrepreneurs earn profit from their innovations by establishing a monopoly (Unit 1: Lecture 1). They acquire patent rights to limit other competitors from producing and selling similar products in the same market. However, the entrepreneurs cannot prohibit the entry of competitors in the market for a long. Competitors start offering similar products with those of the entrepreneur thus limiting the potential for expansion of the business. The entrepreneurs should develop a culture of innovation in order to

Hinduism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Hinduism - Essay Example This process will continue until a person gets salvation. The activities of a person in his present life and in his previous birth are labelled as Karma. A person’s life after death is decided based on his activities (karma) in the present and past life. It is not necessary that a person take rebirth in the form of human itself. Based on karma, his rebirth could be as an animal, insect or bird. Avatar in Hindu mythology represents descent of God in human or animal forms. Hindus believe in multi God theory (Trimurti). In other words, they believe in three Gods, Brahma, Vishnu and Shiv. Brahma is responsible for creation, Vishnu is responsible for maintaining creation and Shiv is responsible for destruction. Hindus believe that these Gods take different avatar time to time to execute certain jobs. For example, Vishnu is the Krishna Avatar. The major function of avatars is to work as a mediator in between God and humans. It is not necessary that avatars should be God always. In fact the duty of avatars is to pass the message from the God to the humans. Hinduism is a religion which always believes in peace and harmony. They always respect other religions and that is why India is still a secular country even though majority of Indians are Hindus. Hindus believe in the doctrine of ahimsa or nonviolence. Even the killing of animals for food is considered as a sin by Hindu religion. Majority of the Hindus are vegetarians. Even though some of the doctrines of Hindu religion seem to be superstitious, the core of Hinduism is to spread love all over the world. Kali is the ferocious form of mother goddess. â€Å"Mother Kali is the consort of Lord Shiva. Lord Shiva is the silent aspect of the Transcendental Reality, and Mother Kali is the dynamic aspect of the Transcendental Reality. Truth is complete when it is both dynamic and silent† (The Relationship Between Mother Kali and Lord Shiva, N.d.) â€Å"Puja is the ceremonial act of showing reverence to a God or

A accounting calculations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A accounting calculations - Essay Example According to Caplan (2006) suitable methods like value engineering and value analysis could contribute to reducing the cost of the three products. It helps in sorting additional overhead components like cooperative marketing, high levels of customer service, and product return handling to identify profitable customers. The approach enables the organization to put more emphasis on clients who earn large profits for the company while turning away unprofitable customers (Caplan, 2006). Distribution of product is a major undertaking for all enterprises. Most companies employ different channels of product distribution like email, distributors, the Internet, retails shops, and order catalogue. Reducing distribution cost is the primary function of ABC. Structural components that maintain the distribution falls under overhead. Therefore, ABC helps in deciding efficient delivery systems with lower costs or dropping unprofitable channels (Caplan, 2006). ABC helps the management decide on whether to buy or make a product. It does this by highlighting costs associated with product manufacturing. Such is the basis that guides one to either outsource or carry out in-house manufacture. Using ABC makes it easier to allocate overhead costs appropriately. Such allocation assists in determining margins of product lines, products, and their subsidiaries. The information guides the personnel to identify areas that would give maximum return margins (Caplan, 2006). The model assists marketing managers decide on the minimum price for the product. ABC model guides the marketing personnel to select particular overhead costs for inclusion in the minimum cost. The approach eradicates the possibility of selling a product at a loss or overpricing (Caplan, 2006). Using ABC model increases the cost pool volume, which increases the cost incurred to manage the system. A reduction in cost pool involves running a system that analyses and maintains the cost

The Reasons for the Civil War in China Between the KMT and CCP Essay

The Reasons for the Civil War in China Between the KMT and CCP (1945-49) and why the CCP Won - Essay Example Although the Communists got permission to be part of the KMT in small numbers, Chiang started a purge of communists since he abhorred the Soviet interfering in Chinese political affairs. This eventually led to the Chinese civil war (Eastman 11). Following the collapse of the Qing Dynasty in 1911, which was the final ruling Chinese dynasty, China fell into the control of a number of significant, as well as lesser warlords within the era of the Warlords. Therefore in order to trounce these warlords, who succeeded in seizing control of the greater part of Northern China, it was necessary for the anti-monarchist, together with the national unificationist Kuomintang party, along with Sun Yat-sen, who was its leader, to seek the assistance of foreign powers. The efforts of Sun Yat-sen in obtaining assistance from the Western democracies bore no fruits these led to him seeking help from the Soviet Union in 1921. In favour of political convenience, the Soviet leadership instigated a dual pol icy for supporting for both Sun, as well as the newly founded Communist Party of China that subsequently instituted the People's Republic of China. This resulted in the struggle for power within China between the KMT, along with the CPC (Eastman 25). ... in the reorganization, in addition to the consolidation of, the KMT alongside the Communist Party of Soviet Union, leading to the CPC uniting the KMT, thereby developing into the First United Front. This is the same year that saw Sun Yat-sen sending Chiang Kai-shek, who happened to be one of his lieutenants to Moscow for some months' military, as well as political study. By 1924, Chiang got promoted to head Whampoa Military Academy, then later rising to fame as Sun's successor, thereby heading the KMT. The Soviets offered the majority of the studying items, organization, in addition to the equipment comprising, of munitions for the academy. Apart from that, the Soviets also offered education in various methods for mass mobilization. This assisted Sun Yat-sen in raising a number of devoted troops, with the intention of defeating the warlords militarily. On the other hand, CPC members also got the opportunity of joining the academy with the majority of them becoming instructors. Howeve r, the communist members got the opportunity of uniting the KMT on the basis of an individual. At that time, the CPC was still exceedingly small, having only 300 members in 1922, and in 19925, only 1,500 members while the KMT had 50,000 members in 1923 (Eastman 54). The split of KMT and CPC In the beginning of 1927, there was rivalry between KMT and CPC leading to a split within the revolutionary positions. The CPC, along with left wing of KMTmade a decision of moving the KMT government’s seat to Wuhan from Guangzhou, where the influence of communist was strong. However, Chiang, together with Li Zongren, whose armies conquered warlord Sun Chuanfang, progressed eastward towards Jiangxi. As a result of the leftists rebuffing Chiang's demand, Chiang condemned the leftists for going against

International Business Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Business Finance - Essay Example However, expanding overseas is a major decision for the firm and it involves many risks dependent upon the country in which the firm decides to enter. Thus care and diligence is required in planning and implementing overseas expansion, in order to obtain positive results and growth for the firm. Overseas Expansions Every firm needs growth to fulfil its going concern requirement. Growth for the firm may be within the country of operations i.e. source country or on an international level. The increase in competition and technological advancements compel the firms to enter into new markets within the country and overseas. â€Å"Firms may expect to increase their profits through overseas operations.† (Habbard and O’Brien 2006) Thus firms engage in overseas operations for better results and diversity. There are many methods for overseas expansion depending upon the requirement and feasibility of the organization wanting to expand overseas. The basic method for international expansion is exporting. This is a low cost and low risk way to enter into the global market by selling your products in overseas domestic markets. The exporters get rebates by the government in order to promote the export and increase the foreign exchange reserve for their country. Another approach for expansion is the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). â€Å"Foreign direct investment (FDI) is the process whereby residents of one country (source country) acquire ownership of assets for the purpose of controlling the production, distribution, and other activities of a firm in another country (host country)† (Moosa 2002) This method is more expensive as compared to the previous one and requires more investment in terms of cash, machinery, personnel etc. There are different ways for this method to work, i.e. wholly owned subsidiary which is completely owned by the parent company, joint ventures that are partnerships between two business and strategic alliances that are arrangement s between businesses. Whatever way the firm decides to expand abroad depends upon its priorities. Other method of overseas expansion may involve relocation of production. In this method the firms shifts its production facilities to a country that provides cheaper labour, less trade barriers etc. This shifting reduces the product costs thus making it more competitive in the market. Management contracts are also used by the firms to provide managerial expertise to other businesses. Firms also use licensing and franchising as methods of overseas expansion. Thus overseas expansion is a decision that requires proactive thinking and careful selection of methods and deployment of the appropriate resources in order for it to be successful. Risks Involved in Overseas Expansion The overseas expansion brings with it different types of risks. The firms must assess these risks wisely in order for the expansion to be beneficial. These risks can be categorised as pure risks and speculative risks. â€Å"Pure risks are associated with hazards such as health, safety, environment and security, whereas speculative risks are associated with business, finance, human resources, information technology strategy and politics.† (Adams 2006) The risks of overseas expansion depend upon the country in which the country is expanding. When a firm goes overseas it may encounter fraud, corruption, and other means of terrorism.

JETZ Fidelity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

JETZ Fidelity - Essay Example JETZ expatriates can definitely influence the expectations of its expatriates and help in their adjustment to the new work environment (Hofstede, 1983). In addition, Portuguese business culture communication styles should also be assessed by JETZ and the manner through which corporate values and organizational culture are transmitted. For instance, is it through socialization? In some cultures, exchange of favors, information sharing and friendships are critical means of winning and developing trust. Logically, JETZ managers who are sent to Portugal ought to have such characteristics as patience and being open to socialization with locals. Apparently, Tom, Mark and Jane have experienced a whole host of changes in being sent to a global post. On a personal level, they are required to undergo a transition from an environment to which they were accustomed to one which is very unfamiliar. Naturally, this required modifications in their living habits, and entailed finding a healthy, novel balance between their work and personal preoccupations. For a majority of individuals, this expends too much time and effort. Thus, the human resources department of JETZ ought to take action to prepare them so that they may cope with these difficulties in adjustment. The research of Mendenhall and Oddou (1985) indicate that adjustment to the cross-cultural facets of a global assignment requires three distinct personal abilities, as follows: 1) the capacity to sustain a valued sense of self; 2) the ability to associate to host nationals; 3) the ability to intellectually appreciate the belief systems that underpin behaviors in the host country. If Tom, Mark and Jane were oriented with these traits, it would have been easier for them to adjust because their expectations were more effectively managed (Black, 1990b; Mendenhall & Oddou, 1985). If they possessed such traits, it would have been more probable for them to adjust easily in their Faro assignment. In a related

Road Trauma Essay Example for Free

Road Trauma Essay Road Trauma; two little words, that pack an almighty punch into the lives and families of those affected by vehicle accidents. A definition by the Australian Academy of Science: â€Å"The word ‘trauma’ is especially appropriate to describe the injuries inflicted by road crashes. The medical profession uses it for any bodily injury or wound, but more literally it means ‘a powerful shock that may have long-lasting effects’ – an apt description for the sudden violence of a road crash†. (NOVA: Australian Academy of Science- Road Trauma Prevention). Trauma is the hidden tragedy of the road. We have become accustomed and almost numb to hearing about the devastatingly high death toll; although unpleasant, crash fatalities are becoming an increasing circumstance and an unwanted occurrence for today’s generations. â€Å"There is limited, to no physical control over that types of injuries may be inflicted upon a victim in a road crash: from ruptured spleens to severed limbs, broken skulls/ severe whiplash and injuries to the brain and spinal cord, and fractured ribs†- explains the team at Nova’s road trauma unit. see more:speech on importance of road safety The shocking truth about the outcomes of being in a near fatal car accident is that the recovery from these grievances can take years of treatment, physiotherapy, medications and therapy, but the physical and psychological pain may never go away for both the wounded and their loved ones. (NOVA: Australian Academy of Science- Road Trauma Prevention). â€Å"There are wounds that never show on the body that are deeper and more hurtful than anything that bleeds. † ? Laurell K. Hamilton, Mistrals Kiss Australia, the seventh largest continent in the world, is homed to over 20,434,176 people. Research suggests that every year on Australian roads approximately 1,600 fatalities, and over 50,000 injuries occur. These are astonishing numbers, much alike the statistics found by The Southern Australian Road Safety Strategy, which places road crashes as the second highest known killer of young people aged 16 to 25 years old. For every road death it is estimated that an average 1,700 people are killed in road crashes each year. The Journey Beyond Road Trauma: Classroom Resources). Road trauma does not only affect the emotional state of mind of those affected and their families; it also influences the members of both communities, both big and small. A problematic issue which requires appropriate financial necessities, with the cost of road trauma costing Queensland community tax payers a whopping excess of one billion dollars per year; the increasing number of drivers being killed each year has become a bourdon for the Queensland Government and overall Australian society. QLD Government: Police and Road Trauma Prevention Strategies). In accordance to the statistic that almost 1,700 people are killed on Australian roads each year, it is three times more likely for drivers aged between 16 to 25 years be seriously injured or killed in a car accident, leaving them at more risk than drivers above the age of 35, who are additionally more experienced, proficient, knowledgeable and qualified to abide by the road rules at all times. Another attributing motive towards the deaths of younger drivers on our roads is the fact that young drivers are 75% more likely to participate in risk taking behaviours on the roads. This compulsion and tendency to par take in risk taking comportments comes with the freedom and independence getting your licence. It is a common component of becoming a young adult, but for far too many reckless motorists, the desire results can lead to serious injuries and even death on the roads. (The South Australian Road Safety Strategy 2003-2010). The Fatal Five’ is a highly recommended set of guidelines created by the Northern Territory Police Force, to help recognise the causes of casualties, and hopefully reduce the accident toll on Australia’s roads. According to the Northern Territory Police Force, the varying causes of dangerous factors that can potentially increase the chance of being in a vehicle accident include: Speeding, drink and drug use while driving, failure to wear seatbelts/ restraints of any kind, fatigue, inattention, and poor road use behaviour/ amateurish knowledge of road rules. These five spectacles of endangerment are the reasons for almost 5,000 teens in the 16 to 20 age group being eradicated each year as a result of a car crash, and over 400,000 teenagers being injured in the same age group. Southern Australian Police illustrate the most potential causes of death, via the ‘Fatal Five’ system were driving while under the influence of alcohol and speeding. In 2010, out of the male population drivers aged 15 to 20 killed in car crashes, 38% were speeding and 24% were under the influence of alcohol. (The South Australian Road Safety Strategy 2003-2010), (Autos. om: Driving and Safety- Car Crash Statistics Based on Age and Location). A continuous exploitation and abuse of the five most dangerous factors on Australia’s roads can potentially affect anyone sharing the road with a participant of risk taking. This report aims to analyse the extent of road risk taking behaviours, evaluate the current measures in place to address road risk taking behaviour, and make helpful recommendations on additional resources and strategies that would minimise road trauma and the associated long term community health concerns. Queensland is Australia’s second largest state; covering 1, 77200 km’s, and the third most heavily populated, with more than 4. 5 million inhabited residents. Queensland’s desirable lifestyle ensures that its current population of over 4. 5 million continues to grow and prosper. Brisbane, the capital, is located in the south-eastern corner of the state. Queensland is often referred to as ‘The Sunshine State’, due to its warm weather and low rainfall all year round. Queensland has a growing economy that is based mainly on tourism, mining and agriculture. The Regions of Queensland refers to the environmental sub- dividers in which the state is apportioned amongst, due to its large size and highly distributed population for both numerical and administrative commitments. Each region differs somewhat in terms of its financial prudence, population, temperature, and geography. (Wikipedia: Queensland). The Wide Bay Burnett is regarded as one of roughly eleven regions, by The Queensland Government Office of Economic and Statistical Research. It is classified as the costal and hinterland areas between Caloundra and Gladstone, and is approximately between 107 and 400 kilometres north of Queensland’s capital city, Brisbane. According to The Australian Bureau of Statistics, the Wide Bay region is homed to 273,267 people; 134,783 males and 138,484 females, with a median age of 43. (Census: For a Brighter Future). This previous statistic evidences that this region as a whole, should have a safer road status due to its higher intermediate age group. This pleasant statement is doubted, since drivers and passengers between the ages of 16 and 25 are over-represented on the Wide Bay’s road toll, especially in 2007; while taking the number of young drivers into consideration (14% of the population), they represent 37% of passengers, and 28% of drivers killed. Also documented in 2007 was the 1,600 young drivers and passengers seriously injured on the Wide Bays roads. (Australian Bureau of Statistics: Leading Causes of Death in Queensland). These shocking figures are hard to comprehend until you recognize that this small farming region is homed to one of Australia’s most dangerous stretches of road: The Bruce Highway. The Bruce Highway, according to the ABC Wide Bay, stretches 1,550 kilometres along the Queensland coast, connecting Brisbane to the states north. This area of road is classified as a major danger spot for motorists by The Australian Automobile Association (AAA). (ABC Wide Bay: Road Toll Statistics). The Bruce Highway has become a detrimental health factor to not only the community inhabiting the Wide Bay, but also to its many visiting tourists, who are unfamiliar and inexperienced with the current road conditions, which according to Road Trauma. Com, â€Å"57% of fatal accidents are possibly caused by poor road conditions, which is the fourth highest cause in the top ten causes of car accidents in the Wide Bay region†. (Cars/ Road Trauma. Com). The ABC Wide Bay road toll also proved that â€Å"the Bruce Highway saw the highest level of road trauma on the Queensland national highway network, accounting for 50 per cent of casualty crashes and 61 per cent of deaths from 2005 to 2009†. (ABC Wide Bay: Road Toll Statistics). Road Trauma has become a foremost cause of death and indisposition amongst the Wide Bay community, with risk taking developing into an unnecessary reason for morality. This is contributing to the road trauma statistics and therefore is detrimental to the health of the community. (Census: For a Brighter Future).

Performance Appraisal System Essay Example for Free

Performance Appraisal System Essay Performance appraisal viewed as a key human resource practice for many organizations, is done to provide feedback to employees so that they can be able to improve on their performance. This practice has been under analysis and investigation by various researchers. The purpose of the study is to carry out an analysis on the performance appraisal systems of PSC Biotech and investigate the interactive effects of the appraisal system on the performance of the organization. Pharmaceutical Services Corporation, which has its headquarters in Pomona, California, has been providing professional consulting services for the last ten years. The Corporation is in the business of delivering state of the art Information Technology services and also validation, compliance services and industry specific products to the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. It also provides expansive guidance and expertise in areas that include quality systems, computer and equipment validation, automated process systems (PSCBiotech, 2010). The IT consulting services designed to meet the needs of the manufacturing industry as well as the Clinical Research and Development industry. Examples of products designed by the company include Auditca, which is audit software that provides a flexible and interactive interface for auditors to edit and compose compliance deficiencies noted during an audit. Another product is the Audit Utopia, which is a management application that organizes the process of regulatory inspections. Pharmaceutical Services is also an authorized distributor of testing, laboratory equipment and supplies. Such products include particle counters, laboratory Autoclaves, Microbial samplers, sensors, fume hoods and Biosafety cabinets (PSCBiotech, 2010). PSC Biotech has the goal of being the industry leader in providing excellence in compliance and validation of products and services while at the same time maintaining competitive rates. PSC Biotech uses an appraisal system that mostly focused on the organization’s goals. The assessment system referred to as the SMART goal assessment system. This system focuses on the goals that an employee is meant to achieve when performing his job. The company uses this method of appraisal to weigh the duties of its employees by giving them clear and attainable benchmarks that have rewards for achievement. The term SMART in this context means Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time framed goals (PSCBiotech, 2010). Specific goals need to have an explicit definition because goals that are have loosely been defined make it hard to know whether they have been achieved or not. An example of a loose goal is saying that every employee will train. This is general and it does not have a way of determining whether the training was achieved or not. A measurable goal is one that can be calculated to produce results. The goal has to be made with a vision of achieving results. Achievable goals need to be within reach for the employees to be able to attain them. They should also not be too difficult (PSCBiotech, 2010). Realistic goals are designed to match with the employees needs in regards to their duties. These goals should be set with the knowledge of whether the employees have the ability and experience that needed to achieve the set goals. Guidance and assistance, is also needed to provide help to employees who are unable to achieve their goals. Time framed goals are those that have an amount of time that has been set aside to achieve them. A period will give the goals a sense of structure and it will necessitate action on the part of the employee. It will also give them the motivation to get started on their goals (PSCBiotech, 2010). Although the company views goals as an important benchmark, it also considers employee competency as an important factor in determining performance when doing their duties. The core competencies account for fifty percent of an employee’s appraisal. The SMART goals are designed to ensure that employees perform their best, which is possible when they know what is expected from them. It is most preferable to an employee to know where their focus should lie and what their management directives and priorities are. This prevents doubt and misunderstandings about their work performance considered when it comes to determining a reward for their efforts. One benefit of the SMART goals is to give the employees notice of how the company weighs their duties and gives them clear and attainable benchmarks with clearly defined rewards for their achievements (PSCBiotech, 2010). Goal setting and feedback are key elements in the performance appraisal activities of organizations. The setting of goals and feedback on whether achieved is believed to affect the performance of employees positively by enhancing motivation that is necessary for work performance. The relationship between satisfaction with performance appraisal and employee outcomes will be mediated by motivation . Roberts and Reed (as cited by Kuvaas, 2006, p. 506) proposed that participation, goals and feedback influenced the appraisal process. In their studies, Locke and Latham found that although the relationship between goal setting and performance moderated by several factors, it has contributed to the employee has perceived investment in work development (as cited by Kuvaas, 2006, p. 505). The social comparison theory is significant to the research of performance appraisal methods, built on the assumption that people are driven to evaluate themselves. The theory implies that it may be more effective to the raters of job performance to compare an employee to other employees. This theory has the potential to inform on the development of performance appraisal processes because of comparative judgments of social stimuli on particular content dimensions (Goffin, Jelley, Powell Johnston, 2009, p. 252). Goffin, Gellatly, Paunonen, Jackson and Meyer (1996) developed a rating system that takes advantage of the social comparison theory without having to incur the problems that usually compound the comparative methods of appraisal. The relative percentile method provides the means of scaling rater’s relative judgments’ of the ratees to allow for a meaningful comparison of the ratings provided. The rating percentile method promotes the use of social comparisons by encouraging the simultaneous assessment of the ratees (Goffin et al, 2009, p. 253). Previous research on the percentile method of appraisal has shown the benefits of this method in two ways. In their studies of 1997, Wagner and Goffin (as cited by Goffin et al, 2009) demonstrated that the percentile method resulted in greater accuracy than the traditional absolute rating system of performance appraisal. The second study found that the percentile method had greater criterion-related validity when compared to the conventional absolute rating format. Carty and Goffin found that the percentile method was more advantageous in the context of letters of reference and they found it improved on the levels of accuracy in personality ratings (Goffin et al, 2009, p. 254). A performance appraisal method will not be viable if the ratees and the raters believe that it is unfair. Adam’s equity theory claims that individuals formulate fairness perceptions by comparing their perceived work outcomes or rewards to their perceived contributions or inputs. Employees therefore view appraisal systems as fair and ethical when they reflect the individual’s contributions (Narcisse Harcourt, 2008, p. 1153). Greenberg (as cited by Narcisse Harcourt, 2008) identified two factors that affect employee perceptions of performance appraisal and they are the perceived fairness of the appraisal system in relation to the employee’ performance and the perceived fairness of any appraisal that is related to pay increase or a promotion. In addition to the social theory’s practical importance, its application to performance appraisal contributes to the social cognition of employees within an organization by demonstrating that the social comparative process improves the reliability of the appraisals. Recommendations: The approach taken in the relative percentile method in which other ratees serve as benchmarks meant likely to heighten both availability and relevancy of performance appraisal systems. The method uses employees in similar positions to be able to facilitate a meaningful percentile of their responses. From previous studies, the percentile method has promoted the use of the social comparison theory by requiring the rater to consider the ratees simultaneously when making judgments based on performance. This method of parallel analysis of performance indicators is beneficial because the other ratees will serve as useful benchmarks through which the rater will be able to record accurately their ratings (Goffin et al, 2009). This method is different from the other conventional methods of performance rating where the ratee’ is considered individually. The serial processing of the ratees performance results might fail to take advantage of the natural social comparative processes, which explains the low validity of noncomparative ratings in studies where the comparative and non- comparative formats have been evaluated and compared with each other (Goffin et al, 2009). Having good performance appraisal systems is important as it will help in the development of employees and enable them to improve on their work performance. Performance appraisal methods used should have systems that ensure the process done is fair, ethical and clear way. The outcomes should also be relayed to the employees so that they can be able to know what areas of their work they can be able to improve on. References Narcisse, S. , Harcourt, M. (2008). Employee fairness perceptions of performance appraisal: a Saint Lucian case study. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 19(6), p. 1152-1169. doi:10. 1080/09585190802051451. Goffin, R. , Jelley, R. , Powell, D. , Johnston, N. (2009). Taking advantage of social comparisons in performance appraisal: The relative percentile method. Human Resource Management, 48(2), p. 251-268. Retrieved from Business Source Complete database. Kuvaas, B. (2006). Performance appraisal satisfaction and employee outcomes: mediating and moderating roles of work motivation. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 17(3), p. 504-522. Retrieved from Business Source Complete database. PSCBiotech (2010) Introduction to PSC, Retrieved 7 May 2010, from http://www. biotech. com/introPSC. php

The lesson of the moth

The lesson of the moth â€Å"The Lesson Of The Moth† The Life That Worth Living For. In the poem â€Å"The Lesson of The Moth†, Don Marquis tells a story of a moth, an insect that have a strange habit of being attracted to the bright light. The story is being told by a fictional cockroach named Archy who is reincarnated author. The cockroach finds the moth trying to break into a light bulb to get the light inside; when he asks why he is doing this, the moth gives an incredibly profound statement: â€Å"It is better to be a part of beauty for one instant and then cease to exist than to exist forever and never be a part of beauty.† (Marquis 188). To me, that is almost what life is about. If we do not have a real reason to live, then it all seems rather pointless. One of the major symbols in the poem is the flame in which the moth is willing to die for. It implies that there are things that certain people are willing to do even if it may cost them their lives. The cockroach in the poem represents all the people who live their lives very carefully to ensure a long one. The moth symbolizes all the people who dont. Both the views of the cockroach and the moth are trying to accomplish the same thing: a better life. The cockroach wishes to live his life with half of the happiness but twice as long, while the moth, on the opposite, would rather live its life to the fullest even if it means to be cut short. When we first read this poem, we may walk away and think that the poet is pretty strange, or doesnt make any sense at all. But after we let it sink and really start to think about what its saying, it really makes much more sense. For me, after it sorted itself out in my head, it made me start thinking about a lot of things. One of the biggest was: â€Å"Why are we here? And what are we doing?† This poem also made me somewhat sad, even though there is nothing I could do about it. It made me want to have a purpose in life. I wanted to have something that I would be so devoted to that I would even be willing to give my life to. It also made me think that sometimes we just have to let go of ourselves and do whatever we want, regardless of the consequences. â€Å"But at times we get tired of using it we get bored with the routine† (Marquis 188). The author used pathos to create an emotional appeal that the â€Å"routine† of normal life is non-excite and it makes we ge t bored of repeating it. Without change, life becomes dull and monotonous. Cant we enjoy the croaking of the frog? For enjoyment, there must be variety .We enjoy the sky because it exhibits a variety of color in different tones. Whether it is taste, color, sound or smell, we want variety. Mans genius consists of his adding to the variety. But for this ever-growing variety, life would become so unbearable and the earth would become a prison. â€Å"It is better to be happy for a moment and be burned up with beauty than to live a long time and be bored all the while† (Marquis 188). In this quote, the author uses the logo to argue that its better to live a high-status life for a while rather than staying our head low for the rest of our life. Personally, I feel that that was the best expression of the word that anyone could have ever thought of; life is misery, and any individual who refuses to grow will get swallow up by life. If we have one opportunity, to see everything we ever wanted in one moment, why shouldnt we capture it? Indeed, danger may come hand-in-hand with opportunity, especially in a crisis. Danger is posed greatly if we fail to understand a situation, and when we act in ignorance to our awareness of it. It is out to hurt, to destroy and to disrupt a persons confidence and life. This will always be somewhat scary, but to live one life to its fullest we always have to take some risks. This is where self-confident is so important. If having a successful life was without risk, then everyone would have successful lives. However, not everything in a crisis is as adverse as it appears to be, despite the great danger posed in the situation, opportunities are often extended. As one saying goes, When one door closes, another one opens†; anyone who realizes that these opportunities when taken may be the solution of the crisis problem, they will onto the road of gleaming success. â€Å"But at the same time I wish there was something I wanted as badly as he wanted to fry himself† (Marquis 188); we do not only have to be smart and mature enough in the thinking of tackling the opportunity, we also has to possess a great deal of determination, fortitude and will power in order for success to reign in the final showdown. â€Å"I do not agree with him myself, I would rather have half the happiness and twice the longevity† (Marquis 188). We could see clearly the ethos in this quote: the author, being a coc kroach, doesnt agree with the idea of shining for a while then be burned up, and he choose the longevity over the happiness. I dont agree with author, you know why? Too often many of us go through our lives on autopilot, without even knowing it. You wake up in the morning, and then do the same old rituals. You go to the office or to school. You meet the same people, do the same job, and travel the same road. Next day, same story. We just let each day pass like the one before it. And when we reach old age, we might look back on life with â€Å"I should haves† and regrets. â€Å"The Lesson of the Moth† explains not only why moths always want to â€Å"immolate† themselves on lights, but also reveals a philosophy on life in a humorous way. The moths philosophy ironically made sense, because to live without ever experiencing something beautiful is truly torture. The extreme consequences of death with beauty or â€Å"longevity† without beauty are hard to decide between. The moth also explains how human beings used to be â€Å"come easy, go easy† but have become too civilized and stuck-up to enjoy themselves thoroughly. The moth says, â€Å"our attitude towards life is come easy, go easy, we are like human beings used to be before they became too civilized to enjoy themselves† (Marquis 188), the moth is right for the most part about humans being too civilized, but there are the few, the proud, the ones who dare people to drop all seriousness and go out and have fun. The people with the most money should be having the most fun, but they seem to just be too civilized to have a good time. The moth has a real good spin on a serious issue and yet makes the reader laugh while reading it. â€Å"The Lesson of the Moth† is a well-constructed story with excellent ideas that is vividly realistic. The narrative moves at a pace to engage and captivate the reader without making the story just a rush to get to the last line. The writing is thoughtful to makes sure that the reader will savor and think about the events presented. This poet is an excellent exploration of a philosophy on life that is well worth thinking about. Works Cited Marquis, Don. â€Å"The lesson of the moth.† Reading Literature and Writing Argument: with additional research and documentation materials. Custom Edition for Oklahoma City Community College. Boston, MA: Pearson Custom Printing. 187-188.

Boeing Company Essay -- Strategic Planning, Case Study

Boeing’s management has been concentrating on diversification of the overall company activities. The management has a concept that oversees the diverse employees, business partners and customer relations are important to creation of advanced aerospace services and goods for the diverse customers around the world. It has concentrated on creating good working conditions for its employees through creating an environment that is conducive. The environment refers to a welcoming, engaging and respectful environment with chances for both professional and personal development of the employee. Through this plan the management has increased productivity, creativity, quality and innovation in the company. Boeing has companywide diversification strategy, vision, mission and objectives which guide a variety of internal events and processes. Moreover, Boeing seeks to progressively improve its processes and facilities for all the workers, including incorporation of ergonomics that lead to more comfortable products technologically and investments that result to safer working places. Boeing has set a five-year goal to improve its work safety level by 25 percent by 2013. To achieve this it is adopting a single, enterprise wide safety management structure at its major producing plants that conforms to OHSAS 18001, and an internationally known occupational safety management system standard. Moreover, Boeing seeks to have a positive and tangible effect on its surrounding which are a more importantly areas where its employees live. It also has company policies, systems and procedures for making its decisions that are aimed at showing the right image of Boeing (Boeing, 2011). Through the above plans Boeing aims at systematic improvement on every a... ...ons. Boeing has relied on well trained and educated employees who do not require a lot of supervision to achieve a single target in groups. Hence management plans can easily be integrated to these short term targets. Contingency plans are executed for specific situations when things do not go as expected. Boeing employees work as a family in executing services and are determined to make corrections so as to achieve customer satisfaction (The Houston chronicle, 2011). Reference List Authenticity consulting, LLC (2011). All about Strategic Planning. Retrieved from; http://managementhelp.org/plan_dec/str_plan/str_plan.htm Boeing (2011). The Boeing Company. Retrieved; http://www.boeing.com/ The Houston chronicle (2011). Example of tactical planning in business. Retrieved from; http://smallbusiness.chron.com/example-tactical-planning-business-5102.html

Sustainable Agriculture Essay -- Research Paper Ranching Farming Paper

Sustainable Agriculture Agriculture has been a fundamental component of human societies for centuries. It is so fundamental in fact that it is often forgotten by those dependent on its products, but not directly involved in the production. As we enter the 21st century, agriculture is beginning to receive more attention from the general public as the implications of farming are realized and the problem of potential world wide food shortage is addressed. With the future in focus, much of agricultural establishment uses words like biotech, and high-tech to describe their goals for U.S. agriculture. With few exceptions, traditional agriculturalists see a continuing trend of industrial agricultural practices that continue to drive production to fewer, larger, and more specialized production units which are virtually responsible for all stages of the production globally. This increased specialization is dependent on new biological technologies and information technologies at all levels from farms on which the foo d is produced to the markets where it is distributed. While these forecasts are legitimate, a growing number of agriculturalists, concerned public, and educators envision a very different future for agriculture. Such a view is represented in the writings of John E. Ikerd, an agricultural economist and Professor Emeritus at the University of Missouri. In his paper, "Sustainable Agriculture: a necessary alternative to industrial agriculture", Ikerd questions whether the guiding trends of agriculture in the past hundred years can continue to be the guiding force of agriculture. He argues the while the tools of the "high-tech" future may be different from the tools of the industrial age, the objectives to specialize, mechan... ...l>. --- "Sustainable Agriculture: A Positive Alternative to Industrial Agriculture" 7 December, 1996. October 4, 2002 <http://www.ssu.missouri.edu/faculty/jikerd/papers/ks-hrtld.htm>. --- "Rethinking the Role of Agriculture in the Future of Rural Communities" 25, January 2002. October 4, 2002. <http://www.ssu.missouri.edu/faculty/JIkerd/papers/YaleRural%20Studies.html>. Pretty, Jules N. Regenerating Agriculture: Policies and Practice for Sustainability and Self-reliance. Washington, D.C.: Joseph Henry Press, 1995. --- "Supporting Policies and Practice." Facilitating Sustainable Agriculture. ed. N. G. Roling and M.A.E. Wagemakers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1998. USDA Press Release. "Fitting Farming Practices to Minimize Water Pollutionà ¤ 17 November 2000. November 10, 2002 <http://www.pestlaw.com/x/press/2000/USDA-20001117A.html>.

Eroticism and Mortality in Shakespeares Sonnet 73 Essay -- Sonnet ess

Eroticism and Mortality in Shakespeare's Sonnet #73 William Shakespeare's sonnet cycle is famous with its rich metaphorical style.   The depth of each sonnet comes from its multilayered meanings and images, which are reinforced by its structure, sound, and rhythm.   Sonnet #73 provides an excellent example.   This sonnet shows the speaker's agony over human mortality and, moreover, his/her way of coping with it in an effective way.   The speaker, especially in terms of his cognizance of time, experiences dramatic changes in two ways: (1) from time measured by quantity to time as quality,   (2) from cyclical time to a linear one.   These changes, manifested by a set of images (autumn, twilight, glowing), enable him/her to embrace his/her mortality as an essential element of a human being.   This double structure of the sonnet achieves its richness by its sub-level imagery based on eroticism, which has been one of the most common cures for the inevitability of one's own death throughout human history. A clear contrast exists between the first two quatrains and the third quatrain in terms of the speaker's understanding of time.   In the first and second quatrain, the speaker perceives time as a   quantitative entity.   "That time of" one's life, in the first quatrain, is not called 'autumn' but described as "yellow leaves, or none, or few"(1-2).   This quantifiable image presents time as if it can be taken away one by one.   It alludes that death would come as the drop of the last leaf of a tree.   Furthermore, the process of getting old and dying happens in a sadistic way.   Time seems to tear off one's life which strives to cling to the boughs "which shake against the cold,/ Bare ruined choirs"(3).   The cold wind, which stri... ...According to him, death means one's discontinuity, but through reproductive activities, one can obtain the continuity of his being.   (Georges Bataille.   Death and Sensuality: A Study of Eroticism and the Taboo.   Walkner and Company: New Yor, 1962.   Originally printed with a different title, L,Erotisme, in 1957.) Works Cited and Consulted Booth, Stephen, ed. Shakespeare's Sonnets. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1977. Duncan-Jones, Katherine, ed. Shakespeare's Sonnets. London: Arden Shakespeare. Georges Bataille. Death and Sensuality: A Study of Eroticism and the Taboo. Walkner and Company: New York, 1962. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 3rd ed. Longman: Essex, England: Longman Group Ltd. 1995 Shakespeare, William. "Sonnet 73." The Complete Works of Shakespeare. Ed. David Bevington. 3rd. ed. Glenview, IL: Scott Foresman, 1980.

Cpu Research Paper

CPU: Past, Present,   â€Å"A CPU (central processing unit) is the â€Å"brain† of the computer; it follows the instructions of the software to manipulate data into information. † (Sawyer, 2010, p. 208) The CPU performs logic and arithmetic operations, controls instruction processing, and supervises the overall operation of the computer. The main components of the CPU are the CU (control unit) and the ALU (arithmetic/logic unit). (Dugger & Gerrish, 1994, p. 78) The CPU also has registers which temporary store data during processing, and buses that act as roadways which transmit bits of data within the CPU and to other components on the motherboard. CPU: The control unit deciphers the instructions from the input and moves them into memory. For each instruction the CPU will fetch the instruction, decode the instruction, execute the instruction, and store the result. These four basic operations are known as a machine cycle. The control unit is therefore responsible in th e CPU to instruct and control where the data goes to and what will happen to it. (Sawyer, 2010, p. 208)ALU: The arithmetic/logic unit executes data that the control unit has sent to it. It performs basic arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. The ALU also performs basic logic operations such as comparing two numbers to see if they are equal, less than, greater than, or not equal. (Dugger & Gerrish, 1994, p. 581) Registers: â€Å"Registers are high-speed storage areas that temporarily store data during processing. † (Sawyer, 2010, p. 209) The CPU contains several types of registers such as an instruction register, address register, storage register, and an accumulator register.These registers may store a program instruction, store data while being processed, or store the results of a calculation. Without the registers the control unit or arithmetic/logic unit could not complete their work. Buses: â€Å"A bus is a group of parallel c onductors which carry information. † (â€Å"Microprocessors,† 1983, pp. 2-2) The conductors may be wires in a cable, foil patterns on a printed circuit board, or microscopic metal deposits in a silicon chip. Buses act as data roadways to get data from one place to another as needed. The term CPU/central processing unit has been in use since the 1960s.Nowadays, we are more familiar with the term microprocessors which are CPUs that are manufactured on integrated circuits in a single-chip package. However, before getting into today’s technology I will take a look at the past CPU technology. Past Exactly which computer was the first electronic computer completed in the United States is a controversial subject. Iowa State University claims that the Atanasoff-Berry Computer at ISU was completed in 1942 just before its creator was called up for duty in the war effort. (Munns) Another computer at the University of Pennsylvania which was funded by the military was complet ed in 1946 by J.Presper Eckert and John Mauchly. First Generation: Eckert and Mauchly’s invention was called the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator, or as many now know it, as ENIAC. This first generation computer weighed 30 tons and contained 18,000 vacuum tubes. ENIAC could do 5000 additions per second. Each specific sequence of calculations had to be hard-wired into the machine. To change programs, ENIAC had to be completely rewired. ENIAC is generally known as the first electronic computer in the United States. However, since ENIAC could not store a program it did not have, what we would call, a CPU. Dugger & Gerrish, 1994, p. 571) In 1945 John von Neumann created a design for a computer system. His design included four basic units for a computer: a CPU, an input device, an output device, and storage. (Dugger & Gerrish, 1994, p. 571) In 1946 John von Neumann joined with Eckert and Mauchly at the University of Pennsylvania to create the Electronic Discrete Vari able Automatic Computer (EDVAC). EDVAC was completed in 1949. It contained almost 6000 vacuum tubes and had 12,000 diodes. EDVAC covered 490 square feet of flooring and weighed almost 9 tons. It required thirty people to operate it.EDVAC is considered the first truly programmable electronic computer that included a central processing unit. No doubt the CPU was enormous, but still a recognizable CPU. (â€Å"EDVAC†) Second Generation: In 1954 Texas Instruments introduced the silicon transistor. This revolutionized computer technology and created the Second Generation of computers. Transistorized CPUs of the 1950’s and 60’s were no longer hampered by vacuum tubes and electrical relay. Second Generation computers were smaller, faster, more rugged, and more reliable. â€Å"With this improvement, more complex and reliable CPUs were built onto one or several rinted circuit boards containing discrete transistor components. † (â€Å"Central Processing Unit† ) Third Generation: The development of integrated circuits and their use in computers began in the mid 1960’s. This shift in technology brought about the Third Generation of computers which were faster, more reliable, cheaper to operate and much smaller. Throughout the advances in computer technology and electronics the CPU continued to become faster and smaller. Fourth Generation: In the early 1970’s, Ted Hoff at Intel invented the first microprocessor.Essentially, this was the first time that a complete processing unit was contained within a single chip and it revolutionized the way computers were applied and designed forever. This is where the Fourth Generation of computers was born. The Intel 4004 was a four bit device, measured 1/8 inch by 1/6 inch, and could execute 60,000 operations per second. (Dugger & Gerrish, 1994, p. 574) By 1972 Intel had come out with an 8-bit microprocessor, the Intel 8008, and within a year had bettered it with the Intel 8080 which coul d execute about 290,000 operations per second.In 1979, Motorola developed a 16-bit microprocessor. The Motorola 68000 was very popular in the blossoming personal computer market. Around the same time Intel rolled out their 16-bit microprocessor; the Intel 8086. While other companies tried to compete in the microprocessor market, it was generally Intel and Motorola who were in the race to built smaller and better processors with each other. By the mid 80’s each had produced 32-bit microprocessors. Beyond: According to Moore’s Law, at our rate of technological development, the complexity of an integrated circuit will double in about 24 months.By the early 90’s, 64-bit microprocessors entered the market. Each succeeding processor is smaller and can produce data much faster. The 90’ saw Intel introduce its first Pentium chip and Motorola introduced their Power PC CPU. Throughout the 90’s Intel improved on its Pentium technology releashing the Pentium P ro, Pentium II, Pentium MMX, and Pentium III. In the late 90’s AMD introduced their Athlon CPU. The Athlon worked at 800 MHz. In 2000, both Intel and AMD released 1 GHz microprocessors in the Pentium 4 and Athlon CPU. By 2002, Intel’s Pentium 4 reaches 3. 06 GHz.By 2006, both Intel and AMD introduce dual-core processors. 64-bit processors have been around for use in mainframes and supercomputers, but now 64-bit processors are being made for personal computers. Present Today’s main competitors for CPU’s in microprocessors are Intel and AMD. Motorola sold off their semiconductor manufacturing section to become Freescale, and has basically bowed out of the CPU race. CPU’s of today are extremely fast. The new Intel Core i7-980X Processor Extreme Edition released the beginning of 2010 has six cores, 12 threads, a max turbo speed of 3. GHz , a 12 MB Smart Cache, and a clock speed of 3. 33 GHz. (â€Å"Intel Processors,†) â€Å"The faster a CPU run s the more power it consumes and the more waste heat it produces. † (Sawyer, 2010, p. 206) For that reason, rather than increasing clock speed, Intel and AMD have pursued using multi-core technology, which employs additional CPU cores and runs them in parallel. Dual, Quad, and multi-core processors are very popular today in CPUs for computers, games and other technology that needs a CPU. Future 128-bit microprocessors are still being developed. Some experts predict that advances in microprocessor technology will produce a 50 GHz processor by 2010, the kind of power that will be required to support such function as true speech interfaces and real-time speech translation† (Sawyer, p. 206) ClusterOnaChip (CoC) is a popular example of the future in CPU technology. Engineers are working on how to place thousands of more processors in a â€Å"cluster† on a single chip. IBM in collaboration with the Georgia Institute of Technology has created a prototype silicon-germaniu m hetero-junction bipolar transistor able to operate at a speed of 500 GHz at 4. degrees Kelvin. At room temperature, the transistor achieves a speed of 350 GHz. â€Å"This demonstrates that speeds of half a trillion cycles per second can be achieved in a commercial, silicon-based technology, using large wafers and low-cost, silicon-compatible manufacturing techniques,† says John D. Cressler, Byers Professor at Georgia Tech’s School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and a researcher at the Georgia Electronic Design Center at Georgia Tech. Our current technological knowledge is not good enough to produce the microprocessors and CPU’s of the future.We are limited by our current materials and in need of innovation to jump start us towards even smaller and faster CPU’s. One can only dream of the day when rather than having a bulky transistor made of silicon, we have processors that are scaled down to the size of an electron itself. Conclusion With Mooreà ¢â‚¬â„¢s Law in mind, we can see that over the past decades we have certainly obeyed his law. From ENIAC to EDVAC, to transistors, to integrated circuits and single chip microprocessors, CPU technology has evolved and is still evolving to bring us the computers that e want and need. Further advances into CPU technology will allow us to compute faster and realize scientific discoveries that can change our world for the better. Our thirst for deep space exploration could become a reality. Medical research will be simplified. The possibilities are endless. References (1983). Microcomputer Basics. In Microprocessors (pp. 2-2). Benton Harbor, MI: Heath Company. Central Processing Unit. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. spiritus-temporis. com/central-processing-unit/history. html Dugger, W. E. , & Gerrish, H.H. (1994). Electronics Technology: Devices and Circuits. South Holland, IL: Goodheart-Wilcox Company, Inc. EDVAC. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. spiritus-temporis. com/edvac/ Intel Processors. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. intel. com/products/processor_number/about. htm Munns, R. (n. d. ). First-Computer controversy finally nearing a conclusion. Retrieved from http://www. scl. ameslab. gov/abc/articles/first-computer. html Sawyer, W. (2010). Hardware: The CPU & Storage. In Using Information Technology. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

How Did Malene’s Arthritis Attacks Impact Her Social Life Essay

flea-bitten arthritis, shall we say, is a weaken unhealthiness, both literally and figuratively. It is a common disease and heretofore there atomic number 18 yet fewer mortals who be volitioning to admit that they energize unhealthy arthritis. flea-bitten arthritis is alikewise an ail ment that croup heavily affect the societal sprightliness of the person who suffers screaky arthritis. run- graduate arthritis grass overly be clearly make the lives of the individuals moved(p) problematic since they beart be shall we say non fully subprogramal and thus it has current effects their productivity.But this vicious complaint could be more than than challenging for pile in their ground since there is a common notion that this ailment is for emeritus passel only (allaboutarthritis. com). Those individuals in their prime that atomic number 18 touch by rheumatic arthritis in many an(prenominal) ways could not do certain things that atomic number 18 a nticipate of them be establisher of the ailment. This essay will try to go out and present the repair of the ailment called decrepit arthritis on the life falsehood, particularly on the kindly life of the fictional character Malene from the impudent The ejection by the Danish generator Christian Jungersen.Her legend is somewhat a common slip in in truth life as there are many individuals who suffer from a aesculapian destine that un fancymlyly affects the normalcy of their lives. To beat off, decrepit arthritis is an ailment that causes the patient regular pain imputable to inflammation of the peg areas. It is an autoimmune disease meaning the be it self is attacking its bind be tissues with its own immune system by mistake. woebegone arthritis is an ailment that is considered a chronic ailment. That still in a flash means that rheumy arthritis bathroom regrettably last a life judgment of conviction for a patient.Medical practiti unityrs say that the c auses of Rheumatoid arthritis are still unk presentlyn. The k directn symptoms for Rheumatoid arthritis can browse from joint and swelling of affected the dead body crack ups, muscle stress and stiffness, light appetite, high levels of fatigue, fever among many opposites. (Medlineplus. gov) Rheumatoid arthritis could hire a large impact on the amicable life of the individual affected entirely the like the case of the character of Malene in the raw The Exception by the Danish Writer Christian Jungersen.The effect of her flea-bitten arthritis is amplified by the situation that she has a raffish disposition and has a reputation of having an active affectionate and hit the hay life. Here is an excerpt from the novel that suggests Malene is rather the affable person Malene, who has eer been smart at voicesimprovising Chriss words. From time to time she entertains e real(prenominal)one with parodies (Jungersen 20). Actually. That previous line implies to us that Malen e is sooner the entertainer, that she is the kind of person who is prosperous of macrocosm around otherwise state.It can alike be purposed that she is used to that scenario and now her arthritic arthritis is affecting her authorisation to merge with other lot. In a conniption wherein Malene was in a hearty host, she calls on to her scoop out suspensor Iben to tell her in secret that she has to leave the social gathering because of her derelict arthritis attack Look, I really came over to tell you that Id wear leave. My feet (Jungersen 12) She didnt change surface consummate the sentence because she was quite a actually diffident about her judicial ad look out onion, raze to a coterminous familiarity who she could tell anything.She is still green and it is a common notion that it is curious for young people to suffer creaky arthritis Three old age form respectable passed since Malene sure her degree (Jungersen 6). That excerpt from the novel implies to us that Malene is relatively a fresh college graduate. That average means that her age can be approximated from the age of twenty to thirty years of age. Malene may pass on mat up so down because maybe she feels that there are still more to do for people within her age of range.And not that she has the disqualifying disease of woebegone arthritis, her morale could had been dragged down and he confidence to take part in social activities is swellly affected. agree to the National Institutes of Health, people pang derelict arthritis find it difficult to mix up and move with other people. They say that people that fork up unhealthy arthritis are very disposed to having low confidence in their self and their ability to socialize.People that put on rheumatoid arthritis may feel that they cant keep up with other people that dont suffer the ailment, that is wherefore they just stay in a low-profile (National Institutes of Health). That would pose a problem for Malene sinc e she is patently unceasingly having an above-the-radar profile. She is described in the novel as having a lively personality and benignant sensual features as conveyed by Ibens jealousy to Malenes physical beauty Iben mat envious of her friend, who always met such exciting men finished her work on,and was good- pure toneing plenteous to attract many of them (Jungersen 16).Rheumatoid arthritis would have a king-sized effect on Malenes confidence since she was described in the novel as rather otiose Malene comes back, trailing a faint scent of perfume and corroding a flimsy, chocolate-coloured dress Malene wants to finish her cause (Jungersen 6-7). Her slight vanity would further magnify her situation of a young cleaning woman having rheumatoid arthritis because as we know vain people, they detest having imperfections, eventide the thought of it.Rheumatoid arthritis could be considered an imperfection because it can cause swellings in affected body split. These swellin gs on affected body parts can be considered a quite plain feature. Malene is not used to universe unattractive, she may have always been a better-looking woman and always attractive to men as explicitly implied by the lines Malene, always so sure of macrocosm attractive to men, is making a big bunko over nothing (Jungersen 16).It is just intelligible for a young woman, who was always win over to be always attractive to men, to be questioning her own beauty now that she has an ailment that can deform her glorious physical features. She may have felt really down when she first hear the news that she was diagnosed to have rheumatoid arthritis in such a young age. That just meant to her that even at her young age, she will be suffering an ailment that only old people should be suffering from.It is not improbable that she may have thought that would look as an old woman and that people in her range of age wont be comfortable hanging alongside her because she looks more mature. Per haps the almost relevant and dramatic fit that displays Malenes struggle with rheumatoid arthritis is when she had to shift her normal property for a pair of shoe especially make for people who suffer rheumatoid arthritis In the hall, Malene degenerately changes to another pair of her pricey orthopaedic lieu, which she has to wear because of her arthritis. (Jungersen 8) We should note that she had to change her shoes in a quick manner. The probable reason for her quickly changing shoes is that she is somewhat ashamed to lay out other people her special condition. In that scene, Malene and Iben were at the hall where there would be other people. Maybe Malene got a trivial comfortable to change her shoes in the hall because she was with her best friend that could overlay for her as she was changing. What is dramatic in that scene was the fact that she was always convinced that she was a beautiful woman.Through that fact we can make an assumption that she was used to wearyi ng fashionable and fancy normal shoes. And now that she has rheumatoid arthritis, she is forced by the crippling pain of the ailment to wear unfashionable-doctor-prescribed shoes. It is just sad to imagine that she may have once wore expensive fancy shoes that were tailored by the likes of Prada, and now she is universe forced to wear a more expensive shoe tailored by a doctor specialized in treating joints, not in making women look elegant.As we know it, shoes are probably one of the shortest way to a womans heart. And now Malenes maybe sad because she cant wear beautiful normal shoes that she was once used to wear. Consequently, setting ultimo the effects on the social life, rheumatoid arthritis can also have adverse effects on the individuals love life. This portion of the carve up is include because love life and kindreds can be also considered as a form of the social life. It seems that individuals with rheumatoid arthritis find it difficult to be comfortable approaching o ther people.They also find it difficult to verbalize about their condition openly to people, even if they have close alliances. They find it difficult to communicate openly to others because they are having the maintenance of being judged or rejected. Some even come to the point of being queer when they are trying to explain their condition because others without rheumatoid arthritis find it difficult to denote to the patient. (National Institutes of Health) That was the same case for Malene as rheumatoid arthritis had ruined her already fragile human relationship with his gallant.Malene and her boyfriend were already having fights about the precarious status of their relationship. Malenes boyfriend was sound off about the lack of time that Malene gives him and their relationship. Malenes boyfriend had accused her of having so frequently time worrying other things alike him and their relationship. These things would include her work and un happyly her condition of having rheumatoid arthritis. In that sense, her ailment was one of the main instruments that had caused her a happy relationship with her boyfriend.As if it wasnt enough that she had disquieted that her boyfriend wont like her because her body parts maybe misshapen by rheumatoid arthritis. The ailment, rheumatoid arthritis had surface the way for her worst nightmare of being left by her boyfriend. But therefore again, that just means that her boyfriend doesnt love her as much or as purely. It would be really quite ironic when eventually they get conjoin and be taking their vows, especially when her boyfriend will say the through disorder and in health part.He couldnt even give her girlfriend enough understanding that she has a condition and the kind of work that requires much understanding. more thanover, although it was not explicitly mentioned in the novel, Malenes sexual relationship/s could have been affected by her condition. Since, rheumatoid arthritis can cause body pains and stiffness, her ability to perform sexually could be put in question. It is just an assumption that this could have been a factor to the weakening of Malene and her boyfriends relationship. near all the main characters in the story were given their share of respective branchs by the author. Iben. Malenes best friend, had to get it on with her portentous past of being abducted by terrorist on Africa, Camilla, the office secretary, also had to deal with his past because her former lover was a terrorist, Anne-Lise had to deal with both her past and present as she was constantly bullied by everyone around her. In the case of Malene, her complication is that she has rheumatoid arthritis.As if the complications were not bad enough, the he complication Marlene and the other characters has to face is also patently being affected by their gender as they are working on a male dominated environment. Moreover, it is also seems that the complications that Marlene and the other characters ha ve to face seems to be interfering their work, sort of preventing them not to function well in their work. The previous paragraph was included because work can also be considered a social function.More common than not, people are cause to sort of mingle and interact with other people, like co-workers, bosses, clients, etc, in their respective body of work. It is a common notion in workplaces that workers should mingle and interact with other workers to form a kind of cohesiveness within the workplace place with the assumption that they would function better together as a team. another(prenominal) assumption is that that certain cohesiveness among the workers requires comradeship and self-confidence.In the case of Malene, it seems that that certain trust is being damaged because she constantly keeps a secret from her fellow workers, her rheumatoid Rheumatoid arthritis. As declared earlier in this essay, Malene, just like others who suffer from rheumatoid arthritis, find it hard to openly gibber about their condition with other people. That is the very reason why she is only comfortable to discuss her situation with her best friend, Iben. It was very admirable of Malenes best friend Iben to be always there to admirer her in times of need, or in the case of Malene, times of many needs.Malenes dependence to her best friend Iben was displayed in pages eighteen to nineteen Iben felt like Malenes squire, always ready to benefactor and support her. Only Iben was allowed to know when Malene wasnt capable of twisting the lids off jars, of buttoning her shirts, or of unlocking doors by herself. (Jungersen 18-19). As we can see from that excerpt, Malene was already reliant to her best friend Iben because Malene could no longer perform even the most basic of functions. It is important to take into consideration that these basic functions would include functions from Malenes work.With that taken into consideration, we can now conclude that rheumatoid arthritis did n ot only affected and deteriorated her joints and body tissues, but also Malenes execution of instrument at work. And as stated earlier in this paragraph, if her performance at the workplace is being affected, it is just sensible that her social life is also being affected by rheumatoid arthritis. Malenes work was greatly affected because she had to miss some(prenominal) geezerhood of work due to rheumatic arthritis The diagnosis was a jerky onset of rheumatoid Rheumatoid arthritis and Malene had been unplowed in hospital for several days (Jungersen 18).It is not only her work life that was affected by her condition, her social life had also suffered much because of rheumatoid arthritis. Her work and her boyfriend was basically the bulk of Malenes social life. If she was bedfast for several days in the hospital, that just means several days of only talking to doctors and nurses, that wouldnt qualify as a social activity at all since she had no choice but to be bedridden and an swer the questions of the people from the hospital.The effects to Malenes social life of rheumatoid arthritis were also surfaced in the most poignant parts of the novel. In the novel The Exception the story revolved around the death curse that the office of Manlene had recived. She may have felt great fear because she knows in herself that she would have a hard time defend herself since rheumatoid arthritis had already weakened her. She may have felt helpless and unable(p) to defend herself. All in all, the ailment rheumatoid arthritis had completely ruined Malenes social life.The condition had a great effect on her confidence especially because her job was to help people. She may have questioned her ability to help others if she cant even help herself as she was dependent to Iben to help her in even the most basic of functions. Rheumatoid arthritis had brutally shatter the poor Malenes relatively small-scaled social life that was mostly consisted of her work and her boyfriend. S he had lose several social gatherings, work, dates with her boyfriend, appointments, and other social functions on repeated occasions throughout the novel because of her condition.It was like the ailment rheumatoid arthritis did not only affected and deteriorated her joints and body tissues, but also Malenes performance at work, relationship with her boyfriend and best friend, reputation as a lively and beautiful lady, basically all of her social life was turned upside down. To end, Malenes condition is suffered by many people around us. Her story, or rather her disaster tells us that people that have rheumatoid arthritis requires understanding from people who are fortunate enough to not have suffered the pains of the ailment.Her story tells us that we shouldnt be like her selfish boyfriend who is needy of empathy. What we should be is like Iben who is selflessly face-saving to these people.Works CitedJungersen, Christian. The Exception. Orion Publishing Group. 2006 allaboutarthr itis. com. Rheumatoid Arthritis. 24 present 2008 http//www. allaboutarthritis. com/AllAboutRheumatoidarthritis/layoutTemplates/html/en/ studydisplay/document/condition/Rheumatoid arthritis/generalArticle/dating_Rheumatoid arthritis_xml. htm Medlineplus. gov. personal effects of Arthritis on the Dating Life.24 March 2008 http//www. medicinenet. edu/rheumatoid_arthritis/page2. htm2whatcausera arthritis. org . Arthritis and Young Teens. 24 March 2008 http//www. arthritis. org/juvenile- arthritis. php British Society for Rheumatology. Effects of Rheumatoid Arthritis on the Social Life. 24 March 2008 http//rheumatology. oxfordjournals. org/cgi/content/abstract/15/3/156 UW Medicine. edu. ofttimes Asked Questions About Arthritis. 24 March 2008 http//www. orthop. washington. edu/uw/livingwith/tabID__3376/ItemID__94/PageID__11 8/Articles/Default. aspx

Hide and Seek

Ion the meter Hide and Seek, Vernon S lavatorynell makes excellent use of each(prenominal) the aw arness to bring step forward the great fermentation pincerren usu entirelyy experience whenever they be this ever- green game. The detail that short circuit sentences atomic number 18 used in speedy winnerion and that the rime seems to comport been written in wholeness short stanza similarly contri exclusivelye to this happening. The sh be is the peerless organism sought-after(a), so he veils himself in the toolshed at the bottom of the garden making trustworthy that his feet bent gummy come out.The place scents engaging because of the sacks of common understanding and some(prenominal) the floor and air timbre relent and unheated. As the seekers draw stealthily close, the poet is nearly cowardly to seed to the highest degree and automatic everyy closes his eyes as if by doing so, it would be difficult for his fri blockades to squ atomic number 18 up him . clock time passes, the poet feels stiff, bleak and ill-fitting so he decides to enumerate out of his covert place solitary(prenominal) to look that the otherwise children have long addicted the explore and leftfield him al ace in the calamitous shed. The bushes consume their tinge the sun is gone. Yes here you are. But where are they who sought you??Although this song is basic entirelyy a poetry nigh childhood recollections, a moral feces stock- lifelessness be learnt melodic phrase it namely that in life, when victory seems to be within easy reach, we should not al miserable ourselves to feel too over-confident as we great power intercept up losing all and tonicity sultryly disappointed. enunciation (The writers choice of expressions) The rime starts with the commanding verb call. Examples of wrangling in the autocratic are call out call tawdry be careful, simulatet respire, dont move, stay leaden, hide, push pff, uncurl, stretch, come and wit ness up.In the poesy, these words/verbs in the instant form are very important because they are viewing the expertise of this male child at p mystify in this intimately-loved game. It is near as if the boy is instructing the commentator as to how we should play the game as well as we possible can, in order not to be caught. In be careful that your feet arent sticking out the girlish epitome/the schoolboyish child is giving us readers a vertical fleck of advice he wants to make sure that he makes the pursuit for him a very difficult one. This shows that he precious to be the superior at all costs. This shows that he wants to be the winner at all costs.In fact, in the close draw in, Wiser not to assay another(prenominal) cry. The boy is again giving advice, showing that the risk of be caught is very much possible since his friends strength be close by. The adjective cold is tell double in the poem, whilst we excessively have the word mince to show the discomf ort that the boy was feeling. In this poem we in addition have words worry, musnt act reflexively, whispering, hushed, dumb, mutters and all the words show the vehemence felt by the boy, when he was organism sought by his friends, he tries to forefend any sort of noise, even sacking as far to say, dont blow over.There is provided one stanza in this poem and thither are four instances of rhyming couplets, out and shout, doorstep and before, land and again and finish and throat. The fact that there is little verse in thus poem is indicative of the excitement being felt by the boy as he lies in hiding. The poem is very bounteous in recruits of idiom. From the very first line we find beginning rhyme of the letter/ amenable c. This initial rhyme nigh makes the call of the boy even much sonic in our sagaciousnesss and it also gives the poem a sealed vibrant feeling from the very start.We also have alliteration in the second line, sacks in the toolshed smell like the s easide with the letter/ accordant s and the rear that this creates is very much like the salutary of the sea upon the shore, bringing about the olfactive two-baser of the sea to mind. The soothing vocalize effect created by the alliteration of the letter s brings to mind a feeling of calmness and serenity a feeling that is extended in the following line when the persona says, theyll never find you in this savoury unilluminated meaning that he is calm because he knows that he is safe.The alliteration of the letter/consonants in sound so almost enables us readers to hear the low voices and the increase silence as the tension mounts. The alliteration of the consonant d in dont breathe and dont move brings out the sense of urgency and heightened excitement felt/ experience by the boy. We also have alliteration in dark damp, smell of sand and in both these instances it is the alliteration of the letter s which makes us almost feel the coarseness of the sand in the young childs th roat.The poem is also overflowing in personification where inanimate objects are being human qualities. For example cold bites this figure of speech makes us realize just how cold and uncomfortable this boy was feeling as he lay on the cold floor. The personification blackening garden watches shows that the only thing greeting our winner in a dark garden, whilst in the next line, the bushes curb their breath this personification not only reminds us of the effort done by the boy in order to avoid those who sought him, but also portrays the silence that surrounds the boy once he emerged from his hiding place.The very last in the poem sums up the disappoint felt by the persons, as in brief as he realizes that all his friends had abandoned the appear long before. Indeed the feeling is one of bitter disappointment and although this is basically a poem about childhood recollections, a moral can still be learnt from it, namely that in life, when success seems to be within easy reach, w e should not ply ourselves to feel over- confident as we might end up be losing everything and feeling completely empty, and disenchant losers. topic of childhoodHide and SeekIon the poem Hide and Seek, Vernon Scannell makes excellent use of all the sense to bring out the great excitement children unremarkably experience whenever they play this ever- green game. The fact that short sentences are used in rapid period and that the poem seems to have been written in one short stanza also contribute to this feeling. The persona is the one being sought, so he hides himself in the toolshed at the bottom of the garden making sure that his feet arent sticking out.The place smells salty because of the sacks of sand and both the floor and air feel damp and cold. As the seekers draw stealthily close, the poet is almost afraid to breathe and automatically closes his eyes as if by doing so, it would be difficult for his friends to find him. Time passes, the poet feels stiff, cold and uncomfo rtable so he decides to come out of his hiding place only to find that the other children have long abandoned the search and left him alone in the dark shed. The bushes hold their breath the sun is gone. Yes here you are. But where are they who sought you?Although this poem is basically a poem about childhood recollections, a moral can still be learnt form it namely that in life, when success seems to be within easy reach, we should not appropriate ourselves to feel too over-confident as we might end up losing all and feeling bitterly disappointed. Diction (The writers choice of words) The poem starts with the imperative verb call. Examples of words in the imperative are call out call loud be careful, dont breathe, dont move, stay dumb, hide, push pff, uncurl, stretch, come and own up.In the poem, these words/verbs in the imperative form are very important because they are showing the expertise of this boy at play in this well-loved game. It is almost as if the boy is instructing the reader as to how we should play the game as well as we possible can, in order not to be caught. In be careful that your feet arent sticking out the young persona/the young child is giving us readers a good piece of advice he wants to make sure that he makes the search for him a very difficult one. This shows that he wanted to be the winner at all costs. This shows that he wants to be the winner at all costs.In fact, in the next line, Wiser not to risk another shout. The boy is again giving advice, showing that the risk of being caught is very much possible since his friends might be close by. The adjective cold is repeated twice in the poem, whilst we also have the word damp to show the discomfort that the boy was feeling. In this poem we also have words like, musnt sneeze, whispering, hushed, dumb, mutters and all the words show the excitement felt by the boy, when he was being sought by his friends, he tries to avoid any sort of noise, even going as far to say, dont breathe. There is only one stanza in this poem and there are four instances of rhyming couplets, out and shout, door and before, land and again and coat and throat. The fact that there is little rhyme in thus poem is indicative of the excitement being felt by the boy as he lies in hiding. The poem is very rich in figures of speech. From the very first line we find alliteration of the letter/consonant c. This alliteration almost makes the call of the boy even more audible in our minds and it also gives the poem a certain vibrant feeling from the very start.We also have alliteration in the second line, sacks in the toolshed smell like the seaside with the letter/consonant s and the effect that this creates is very much like the sound of the sea upon the shore, bringing about the olfactory image of the sea to mind. The soothing sound effect created by the alliteration of the letter s brings to mind a feeling of calmness and serenity a feeling that is extended in the following line when the per sona says, theyll never find you in this salty dark meaning that he is calm because he knows that he is safe.The alliteration of the letter/consonants in sound so almost enables us readers to hear the low voices and the increasing silence as the tension mounts. The alliteration of the consonant d in dont breathe and dont move brings out the sense of urgency and heightened excitement felt/experienced by the boy. We also have alliteration in dark damp, smell of sand and in both these instances it is the alliteration of the letter s which makes us almost feel the coarseness of the sand in the young childs throat.The poem is also rich in personification where inanimate objects are being human qualities. For example cold bites this figure of speech makes us realize just how cold and uncomfortable this boy was feeling as he lay on the cold floor. The personification darkening garden watches shows that the only thing greeting our winner in a dark garden, whilst in the next line, the bushes hold their breath this personification not only reminds us of the effort done by the boy in order to avoid those who sought him, but also portrays the silence that surrounds the boy once he emerged from his hiding place.The very last in the poem sums up the disappoint felt by the persons, as soon as he realizes that all his friends had abandoned the search long before. Indeed the feeling is one of bitter disappointment and although this is basically a poem about childhood recollections, a moral can still be learnt from it, namely that in life, when success seems to be within easy reach, we should not allow ourselves to feel over- confident as we might end up be losing everything and feeling completely empty, and disillusioned losers. Theme of childhood